In the digital world human cannot directly communicate to hardware components to perform various operations,So we need some intermediate components here the role of OS starts.Yes!
An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware. Every computer must have at least one OS to run other programs.
Goals :
Primary goal: To provide user friendly environment to the user.
Secondary goal:To do task with efficiency.
Functions:
- Process Management
- Memory Management
- File Management
- I/O Device management
Types:
1. Batch Operating System
In a Batch Operating System, the similar jobs are grouped together into batches with the help of some operator and these batches are executed one by one. For example, let us assume that we have 10 programs that need to be executed. Some programs are written in C++, some in C and rest in Java. Now, every time when we run these programmes individually then we will have to load the compiler of that particular language and then execute the code. But what if we make a batch of these 10 programmes.
2. Time-Sharing Operating System
In a Multi-tasking Operating System, more than one processes are being executed at a particular time with the help of the time-sharing concept. So, in the time-sharing environment, we decide a time that is called time quantum and when the process starts its execution then the execution continues for only that amount of time and after that, other processes will be given chance for that amount of time only. In the next cycle, the first process will again come for its execution and it will be executed for that time quantum only and again next process will come.
3. Distributed Operating System
In a Distributed Operating System, we have various systems and all these systems have their own CPU, main memory, secondary memory, and resources. These systems are connected to each other using a shared communication network. Here, each system can perform its task individually. The best part about these Distributed Operating System is remote access i.e. one user can access the data of the other system and can work accordingly.
4. Embedded Operating System
An Embedded Operating System is designed to perform a specific task for a particular device which is not a computer. For example, the software used in elevators is dedicated to the working of elevators only and nothing else. So, this can be an example of Embedded Operating System. The Embedded Operating System allows the access of device hardware to the software that is running on the top of the Operating System.
5. Real-time Operating System
The Real-time Operating Systems are used in the situation where we are dealing with some real-time data. So, as soon as the data comes, the execution of the process should be done and there should be no dealy.
